Edwaed lloyd pease



- No. 615,634. Patented Dec. 6,1898.

E. L. PEASE.

CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS 0R SIMILAR STRUCTURES, (Application filed Dec. 23, 1897.) (No Model.) 2 Shets-Sh eet I.-

ma Nn v's Pawns co, Worn-Limov wAs-m-a-zw 1.

No. 6|5,634. Patented Dec. 6, I898. E. PEASE.

CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS OR SlMlLAR STRUCTURES;

(Application filed Dec. 23, 1897.)

(No Model.) 2 sheets shaet 2.

ma norms PErsns 00., PNDTO-LITHQ, WASHINGTON. o c,

NITED TATES" PATENT FFICE.

CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS OR SIMILAR STRUCTURES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 615,634, dated December 6, 1898.

Application filed December 23, 1897. erial No. 663,214. (No model.)

1'0 and whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD LLOYD PEASE, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Hurworth-upon-Tees, in the county of Durham, England, have invent.- ed certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of Floors and Similar Structures, (for which I have obtained a British patent, No. 10,783, dated May 31, 1895;) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention comprises certain improvements which are applicable with advantage to various kinds of structural arrangements in which the tubular vessels of the kind described in my Letters Patent No. 5i0,186, dated May 28, 1895, and illustrated in the drawings annexed thereto are employed in combination with cement and the like hardsetting material or with other means for securing the said tubular vessels in their several positions as members of one structure, such as a floor or the like.

By the improvements constituting mypresent invention the features and principle of the above-cited invention are modified and adapted for use in cases in which the continuous interlocking of tubes may be advantageously dispensed with, whether on the score of economy and simplicity or otherwise, and the modification is admirably adapted for a system of construction which may be designated trough-flooring.

The nature of my invention and the means for carrying it into effect are to be understood trom the description of the following modifications, taken with reference to the drawings hereto annexed.

Figure 1 illustrates in transverse sectional view a series of separate or detached tubular vessels or troughs a a, connected together transversely by through-bolts Z). The ends a. of these troughs may be turned in, as shown in Fig. 2, to prevent the concrete pushing outat the ends when under strain, the concrete being filled in the trough right to the end. This adds greatly to the strength when there is only a single span and no abutment for the concrete to thrust against. Bars suitably serrated and attached in the manner shown also in transverse sectional view in Fig. 3 may be employed, in which 0 is the transverse or interlocking bar with serrations, disk or hoop shaped extensions 0, which are insertedendwise into the loose or detached tubular vessels a a. or tension-resisting material as arranged in these figures is easily filled with concrete or the like hard-settin g material, which is united with the enveloping material consituting the floor or other structure, thus forming a solid mass through the entire thickness of the said floor or the like structure; but inasmuch as the concrete contains the ironwork or tension-resisting material in its tubular and beam-like form, it being understood that the said tubular vessels interlock the cement or concrete within their converging sides, as shown more especially in Fig. 1, the tubular vessels at are sometimes simply set apart, as shown in transverse sectional view in Fig. 4, being secured in their several positions and practically all interlocked together by the hard-setting material in which they are embedded. Arranged in this way they serve as substitutes for solidbars or complete tubes, securing the same or greater tensile strength for the same weight of material in the former case and at less expense than tubes can be provided for in the latter case. Floortiles of suitable form may be embedded into the cement or concrete charged into the tubular vessels.

Fig. 5 illustrates an arrangement of tubular vessels for staircases in which the tubes themselves form the treads of the stairs in combination with concrete or the like hardsetting material, which is charged into them. Each tube a is bolted to a suitably-arranged support 9 on the bearer, but is otherwise secured in position, and the tubes are all interlocked together in the manner described with reference to Fig. 4. In the construction of a spiral staircase the tubes would be tapered, the larger ends being on the outside, and the bearers and tubes would be suitably propor- The ironwork tioned. Each tubular vessel 0. is secured in position by any convenient means, such as by being bolted to a bearer, as described with reference to Fig. 5, or by other equivalent means; but the said tubular vessels are all looked in their several positions as members of a structural arrangement by the contour which they impart to the cement embedded into them, all transverse movement being obviously impossible in this combination.

Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive, illustrate a mode of trough-flooring in which the tubular vessels or troughs are secured to boarding or concrete by tongue-and-groove arrangement, the combination constituting a floor of great strength.

Fig. 6 illustrates the tubular vessels Ct with their edges turned inward, so as to fit into the grooves of the boards, and an iron tongue d can be used to unite two flooring-boards together, at the same time interlocking the turned-in edges of the tubular vessels, the whole when suitably packed forming a strong light fireproof floor; but where there are no boards the said edges of the tubular vessels may be interlocked by being turned into the concrete or hard-setting material, and holes 0 are provided for uniting the concrete in one tube with that of another or giving a better hold to the concrete on the iron. lVhere weight is to be saved, the bottom part c of the tubes is suitably packed with straw or the like fibrous material or left vacant, millboard being used to support the concrete while setting. Fig. '7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a similar tube, the ends of the tube Cl, being turned up and nailed to the struts, which abut against a central post f.

Fig. 8 illustrates in transverse sectional view the tubular vessels a, similar in arrangement and mode of connection with Fig. 0, but with the under sides flattened, which can obviously be generally substituted for the more cylindrical form shown in the other figures of the drawings annexed to this specification, with the advantage of increasing the power of each such vessel to resist strains through the under side thereof, approximating more nearly to the form of abottom flange.

Fig. 9 illustrates in transverse sectional area how myim proved construction of troughflooring can be adapted by simple devices to present a finished appearance on the under side thereof. The tubes at are separated by a longitudinal lath h, which is studded with nails, so as to give a holdfast to the plaster. The whole is secured by a through-bolt t.

Fig. 9 is a modification of the connection between the tubular vessel a and the flooring of a more simple and cheaper character, inasmuch as the tongue-and-groove arrangement is dispensed with and the tubular vessel a is secured direct to a beam the edges of which are overlapped by the edges of the tubular vessel.

Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate in transverse sectional area a modification of flooring where concrete only is used with the tubular vessels. In this case n is a thin sheet of woodpulp board inserted in the tubes to before the concrete is filled in to support it while setting, the lower part of the tube or trough remaining empty or filled with water.

It will be observed from the foregoing description, taken in conjunction with the several figures of the drawings hereto annexed, that the essential feature throughout the modifications of my invention is the use of open tubular vessels as beam-like elements of strength in various structural arrangements of trough-flooring, and the several constructions described and shown are to be taken as illustrating how readily such tubular vessels are combined with other elements of construction for the purpose of forming easily constructed fireproof and durable structural arrangements of this description; but I would here remark that although the tubular vessels will consist in many cases of thin sheet-iron, yet strawboard coated with hard-setting material, such as petrifite, may be advantageously used in some of the constructions embodying my invention, as hereinbefore described.

Having now described my invention, what 9 I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a structural arrangement forming a floor or ceiling, the combination with open tubular vessels having their edges turned inward, of grooved boards, and a tongue interlocking the tubular vessels to the said flooring, substantially as described.

2. Ina structural arrangement forming a floor the combination of open tubular vessels at with tongue-and-grooved flooring-boards, the grooves of one board receiving the edges of the tubular vessels as well as the corre spondin g tongues of the ad j oiningboards substantially as described.

In a structural arrangement forming a floor the combination of open tubular vessels at with flooring-boards in which each tubular vessel is secured directly to a plank the edges of which are overlapped by the corresponding edges of the'tubular Vessel substantially as described.

4. In a structural arrangement forming a floor, the combination with open tubular ves sels a, of grooved flooring-boards, the edges of the tubular vessels engaging the grooves of said flooring and a mass of hard-setting material between adjacent tubular vessels and the flooring, substantially as described.

5. In a structural arrangement forming a floor, the combination with tubular vessels ct having their edges turned in, of grooved floor-- ing, the grooves of said flooring engaging said edges, a tongue interlocking the said vessels to the flooring; a mass of hard-setting mate rial carried inside of said vessels and 0ceumeans for securing said vessels together, subpying the space between adjacent vessels and stantially as described. 10 the flooring, substantially as described. In testimony whereof I affix my signature 6. In a structural arrangement for floors, in presence of two Witnesses. the combination with open tubular Vessels ar- EDWARD LLOYD PEASE. ranged side by side and having their edges Witnesses: turned in, of a hard-setting material filling GEORGE JAMES OLARKSON, said vessels and the space between them and EDWARD THOMAS ELGOAT. 

